Table 3 Application of biomimetic nanostructures for enhancement of cancer immunotherapy
From: Nanoparticles in tumor microenvironment remodeling and cancer immunotherapy
Vehicle | Cancer type/Cell line | Size (nm)/zeta potential (mV) | Highlights | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Biomimetic nanovesicles | Breast cancer/4T1 cells | 500Â nm | Loading 5-aminolevulinate hydrochloride (HAL) and 3-methyladenine (3MA) into cancer cell-derived microparticles Increasing biosynthesis of PpIX in mitochondria, causing ROS generation after irradiation and increasing mitochondrial dysfunction Suppression of mitophagy PD-L1 downregulation to mediate immunogenic cell death | [463] |
Hybrid nanoparticles | Breast cancer/4T1 cells | 180 nm/−18.93 mV and − 26.4 mV | Development of hybrid nanoparticles from GTe and modification with cancer cell membrane and bacterial outer membrane GTe functions as a radiosensitizer and the membranes can increase anti-cancer immune responses Increasing ROS generation Stimulation of immunogenic cell death | [464] |
Biomimetic nanovaccine | - | - | Functionalization of nanoparticles with cancer cell membrane Co-delivery of CpG and propranolol High accumulation in lymph nodes and enough drug release Increasing dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation Enhancing CD8+ T cell priming and Promoting infiltration of B and NK cells Inhibiting the immunosuppressive TME | [465] |
Biomimetic PLGA nanoparticles | Â | 147.8Â nm/-1.8 mV | Delivery of 2-bromo-palmitate by PLGA nanoparticles to increase its potential in breast cancer therapy Functionalization of nanoparticles with cancer cell membrane Downregulation of PD-1/PD-L1 | [466] |
Porous silicon@Au nanocarriers | Breast cancer/4T1 cells | Up to 243.30Â nm | Functionalization of nanocomposites with cancer cell membrane Stimulation of anti-cancer immune responses and relieving immunosuppressive microenvironment Suppressing the proliferation and invasion of cancers | [467] |
AIEgens | Breast cancer/4T1 cells | 113.2Â nm/-12.8 mV | Modification with dendritic cell-derived membrane Accumulation in lipid droplets of cancer cells The presence of cell membrane allows to accelerate hitchhiking of AIEdots into T cells and stimulates them in cancer immunotherapy | [468] |
FePSe3 nanosheets | Colon cancer/CT26 cells | + 28.5, + 24.0, + 37.8, and + 0.2 mV | Modification of nanoparticles with cancer cell membrane Loading anti-PD-1 peptide in the nanoparticles Phototherapy-induced immune responses and tumor ablation Suppression of PD-1/PD-L1 axis to stimulate T cells | [469] |