Fig. 4
From: Nanoparticles in tumor microenvironment remodeling and cancer immunotherapy
Nanoparticles orchestrating immune cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Nanoparticles elevate antigen presentation via MHC-I and MHC-II, stimulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, thereby facilitating cancer immunotherapy. The nanostructures amplify Dectin-2 and TLR-4 levels, fostering TH17 responses for effective cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, they boost dendritic cell maturation and, through the delivery of anti-miR-21, induce polarization of macrophages into the M1 phenotype. The nanoparticles’ downregulation of osteopontin in CAFs disrupts cancer progression. Moreover, these nanoparticles suppress Treg cells, preventing immunosuppression (Created by Biorender.com)