Table 3 TGF-β-dependent stromal cell metabolic reprogramming in cancer
From: TGF-β signaling in the tumor metabolic microenvironment and targeted therapies
CAFs | NK cells (exhausted) | macrophages | Neutrophils/MDSCs | T cells (exhausted) | B cells |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Stromal cell metabolic reprogramming | |||||
Glycolysis↑ | Glycolysis↓ | Glycolysis↑ | Glycolysis↑ | Glycolysis↓ | Glycolysis↑ |
Fatty acid synthesis↑ | Lipid accumulation ↑ | Lipid accumulation ↑ FAO↑ | FAO↑ | Cholesterol↑ FAO↑ | Further studies needed |
Gln anabolism↑ | Gln catabolism ↓ | Gln and Arg catabolism↑ | Gln catabolism↑ | Arg and tryptophan metabolism↓ | Gln catabolism↑ |
TGF-β-dependent stromal cell metabolic reprogramming | |||||
CAV-1↓ or ROS↑-Glycolysis↑ | mTOR↓-Glycolysis↓ | OXPHOS↑-M2 macrophages↑ | Arginase↑-Pro-tumor features ↑ | OXPHOS↑ and glycolysis↓, FAO ↑-Tregs↑ | Further studies needed |
a.IDH3α↓PDK1↑-TCA cycle↓ b. BCAT1 ↑-BCKAs↑ | mTOR↓-OXPHOS↓ | Arginase↑-Pro-tumor features ↑ | CD39 and CD73↑-adenosine↑-Pro-tumor features ↓ | ATP synthase↓-IFNγ↓-Effector function↓ | Further studies needed |
