Table 4 Clinical trials on IDO-1 and CD27

IDO-1

Epacadostat (INCB24360)

–

Phase 1

Rectal Cancer

–

–

–

–

NCT03516708

Recruiting

MEDI4736

Phase 1 Phase 2

Solid Tumors Head and Neck Cancer Lung Cancer UC

In the study, attendants were divided into 6 groups, ORR was 16.7%, 0.0%, 25.0%, 0.0%, 12.5%, 22.2% for each group; ORR 12.2% for attendants received Epacadostat (100 mg) + Durvalumab (10 mg/kg), and that was 12.9% for participants received Epacadostat (300 mg) + Durvalumab (10 mg/kg)*

2.4, 12.0, 1.9, 1.7, 4.12.5 1.9 and 2.1

–

Serious adverse events were 2/6, 0/3, 2/4, 0/4, 4/8, 3/9 for each group. Serious adverse events were 20/49, 54/93 for each group

NCT02318277 (ECHO-203)

Completed

Pembrolizumab

Phase 3

UC

Experimental group (n = 44): ORR 31.8%; positive control group (n = 49): ORR 24.5%*

–

–

Serious adverse events were 23/43 against 23/49

NCT03361865 (KEYNOTE-672/ECHO-307)

Completed

Pembrolizumab

Phase 1 Phase 2

Advanced melanoma

–

–

–

–

NCT02178722 (ECHO-202/KEYNOTE-037)

Completed

Fludarabine Cyclophosphamide

Phase 1

Ovarian Cancer Fallopian Tube Carcinoma Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma

–

–

–

–

NCT02118285

Completed

Pembrolizumab

Phase 2

Lung Cancer

Experimental group (n = 77): ORR 32.5%; control group (n = 77): ORR 39.0%*

Experimental group: 6.7; control group: 6.2

NA

Serious adverse events were 23/75 for experimental group, and 29/77 for control group

NCT03322540 (KEYNOTE-654–05/ECHO-305–05)

Completed

Pembrolizumab

Phase 2

Thymic Carcinoma Thymus Neoplasms Thymus Cancer

1/40 attendant had a complete response, 8/40 participants had partial response, 21/40 participants received stable disease, 10/40 participants suffered progression*

4.2

24.9

2/40 patients suffered myocarditis, one case for hyperglycemia, hepatitis, bullous pemphigoid, and polymyositis each

NCT02364076

Unknown

Pembrolizumab Platinum-based chemotherapy

Phase 2

Lung Cancer

Experimental group (n = 91): ORR 26.4%; control group (n = 87): ORR 44.8%*

Experimental group: 8.0; control group: 8.2

NA

Serious adverse events were 47/90 against 41/86

NCT03322566 (KEYNOTE-715–06/ECHO-306–06)

Completed

Pembrolizumab

Phase 3

UC

Experimental group (n = 42): ORR 21.4%; control group (n = 42): ORR 9.5%*

–

–

Serious adverse events were 22/42 for experimental group, and 16/41 for control group

NCT03374488 (KEYNOTE-698/ECHO-303)

Completed

–

Phase 1

Solid Tumors and Hematologic Malignancy

–

–

–

–

NCT01195311

Completed

Pembrolizumab

Phase 2

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

–

–

–

–

NCT03291054

Completed

Pembrolizumab Cetuximab Cisplatin Carboplatin 5-Fluorouracil

Phase 3

Head and Neck Cancer

Experimental group (n = 35): ORR 31.4%; negative control group (n = 19): ORR 21.1%; positive control group (n = 35): ORR 34.3%*

–

Serious adverse events were 12/34 for experimental group, 8/19 for negative control group, and 12/34 for positive control group

NCT03358472 (KEYNOTE-669/ECHO-304)

Active, not recruiting

Low dose cyclophosphamide

Phase 1 Phase 2

Breast Cancer Female Breast Neoplasm Female

–

–

–

–

NCT03328026

Recruiting

BMS-986205

Nivolumab

Phase 2

Endometrial Adenocarcinoma and Endometrial Carcinosarcoma

–

–

–

–

NCT04106414

Active, not recruiting

Nivolumab

Phase 3

Melanoma Skin Cancer

–

–

–

Serious adverse events were 4/10 for experimental group against 4/10 for control group*

NCT03329846

Completed

Nivolumab

Phase 1 Phase 2

Advanced Cancer

–

–

–

Two cases for malignant neoplasm progression, one case for tuberculosis, acute kidney injury, pneumonitis each

NCT03792750

Completed

–

Phase 1

Cancer

–

–

–

–

NCT03247283

Completed

Nivolumab Gemcitabine Cisplatin Placebo

Phase 3

Bladder Cancer Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

–

–

–

–

NCT03661320

Recruiting

Itraconazole Rifampin

Phase 1

Malignancies Multiple

–

–

–

–

NCT03346837

Completed

Nivolumab

Phase 1

Advanced Cancer

–

–

–

–

NCT03192943

Completed

Nivolumab Ipilimumab

Phase 1 Phase 2

Advanced Cancer Melanoma NSCLC

–

–

–

–

NCT02658890

Recruiting

CD27

Varlilumab (CDX-1127)

–

Phase 1 Phase 2

B Cell Lymphoma

–

–

–

–

NCT03307746

Active, not recruiting

nivolumab

Phase 1 Phase 2

HNSCC Ovarian Carcinoma-Enrollment Completed CRC-Enrollment Completed RCC (Phase ll Only) GBM (Phase ll Only)-Enrollment Completed

–

–

–

–

NCT02335918

Completed

–

Phase 1

Selected refractory or relapsed hematologic malignancies or solid tumors

A patient with mRCC underwent a partial response (78% shrinkage) and had a durable response with PFS > 2.3 years without additional treatment. Eight patients underwent SD > 3 months, including a patient with metastatic RCC with PFS of > 3.9 years

–

–

Only one case with grade 3 transient asymptomatic hyponatremia was reported. Other adverse events were limited to grade 1 or 2 in severity*

NCT01460134

Completed

Atezolizumab Cobimetinib

Phase 2

Unresectable Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinoma

–

–

–

–

NCT04941287

Recruiting

ONT-10

Phase 1

Advanced Breast Carcinoma Advanced Ovarian Carcinoma

–

–

–

–

NCT02270372

Completed

Rituximab

Phase 2

Relapsed or refractory B cell malignancies

–

–

–

Three Grade 3 treatment-related events in the study, including hyponatremia, decreased appetite, and decreased lymphocyte count

ISRCTN15025004

Ongoing

Atezolizumab

Phase 1

Refractory NSCLC Stage IV Lung Cancer AJCC v8

–

–

–

–

NCT04081688

Recruiting

IMA950 poly-ICLC

Phase 1

Glioma Malignant Glioma Astrocytoma, Grade II Oligodendroglioma Glioma, Astrocytic Oligoastrocytoma, Mixed

–

–

–

–

NCT02924038

Active, not recruiting

MHP Montanide ISA-51 poly-ICLC

Phase 1 Phase 2

Melanoma

–

–

–

–

NCT03617328

Recruiting