Enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles for cancer treatment using versatile targeted strategies

Table 1 The overexpressed receptors on various tumor cells and their ligands

Receptor	Ligands	Tumor	Refs.
Folate	Folic acid	Breast, lung, cervical cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma	[414,415,416,417,418,419]
CD14	anti-CD14 mAb	Prostatic cancer	[420]
CD22	anti-CD22 mAb	Lymphoma cancer	[421, 422]
CD44	HA, chondroitin sulfate	Breast, Melanoma	[423,424,425,426]
αvβ3 integrin	RGD peptide	Endothelial, glioma, lung, melanoma, breast cancer	[427,428,429,430,431,432,433,434]
Transferrin	TfR ligand, transferrin	Breast cancer, Glioblastoma	[435,436,437,438]
HER2	Trastuzumab Breast anti-HER2 scFv neu peptide (FCDGFYACYADV) KCCYSL (P6.1 peptide)	Breast cancer	[439,440,441]
Estrogen	Estrone, 17 β-Estradiol, tamoxifen	Breast cancer	[442,443,444,445,446]
Chemokine (CXCR4)	LFC131 peptide, anti-CXCR4 mAb, Peptide R, Peptide T22	Breast, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, Lymphoma	[447,448,449,450,451,452,453,454]
LHRH	Peptide	Breast cancer	[106, 107]
Biotin	Biotin	Breast, lung, cervical cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma	[455,456,457,458,459,460]
PSMA	A10 PSMA Apt, anti-PSMA	Prostatic cancer	[461,462,463]
VEGF	anti-VEGF mAb	Pancreatic cancer	[464, 465]
IL4	AP1 peptide	Colon, glioblastoma	[466,467,468]
IL4	Pep-1	Lung cancer	[469,470,471]
IL13	IL13 peptide	Glioblastoma	[472,473,474]
Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)	Lactobionic acid, galactose	Hepatocellular carcinoma	[475, 476]

ISSN: 1756-8722