Table 1 Landscape of non-coding RNAs transmitted by small extracellular vesicles in pancreatic cancer, induced molecular pathways and effect on recipient cells

microRNAs

21-5p

TAM

PDAC

KLF3

Stemness, invasion, migration

[83]

PSCs

PDAC

Induction of Ras/ERK/Akt

Proliferation, migration

[106]

27a

PDAC

Endothelial cells

BTG2

Angiogenesis, tumor growth

[114]

106b

PSCs

PDAC

TP53INP1

GEM resistance

[99]

125b-5p

Highly malignant PDAC

Less malignant PDAC

STARD13

Induction of MEK2/ERK2

Invasion, migration, EMT

[48]

143

hMSCs

PDAC

lncRNA-RP11-363N22.3

Promotes apoptosis, inhibits proliferation, invasion, migration

[102]

145

Primary tumor stroma

PDAC

Apoptosis

[101]

146a

GEM-treated CAFs

PDAC

Induction of Snail

GEM resistance

[100]

155

Pancreatic fibroblasts

CAFs

TP53INP1

Conversion of PSCs into CAFs

[98]

TAM

Endothelial cells

E2F2

Angiogenesis, tumor growth

[113]

GEM-resistant PDAC

PDAC

TP53INP1

GEM resistance

[127]

GEM-treated PDAC

PDAC

DCK

GEM resistance

[126]

203

PDAC

Dendritic cells

TLR4

Inhibition of TNF-α/IL-12 expression

Immunosuppression

[72]

210

GEM-treated CSCs

regular PDAC

Induction of mTOR

Stemness, GEM resistance

[131]

212-3p

PDAC

Dendritic cells

RFXAP

Inhibition of MHC II expression

Immunosuppression

[72]

221-5p

TAM

Endothelial cells

E2F2

Angiogenesis, tumor growth

[113]

222

Highly malignant PDAC

Less malignant PDAC

PPP2R2A

Induction of AKT, inhibition of p27 import to the nucleus

Proliferation, invasion, migration

[49]

301a-3p

Hypoxic PDAC

Macrophages

PTEN

Induction of PI3K/AKT/mTOR

M1-to-M2 polarization of macrophages, immunosuppression

[84]

365

TAM

PDAC

BTG2

Induction of FAK/AKT

Proliferation, invasion, migration

[78]

Increase of intracellular NTPs and CDA

GEM resistance

[77]

494

PDAC

LN stroma cells, lung fibroblasts

CDH17

Promotes pre-metastatic niche

[58]

PBMCs

Increase of intracellular calcium fluxes

Expansion of MDSCs and immunosuppression

[74]

501-3p

TAM

PDAC

Induction of TGFBR3

Anti-apoptosis, proliferation, stemness, invasion, migration

[82]

Endothelial cells

Angiogenesis

542-3p

PDAC

LN stroma cells, lung fibroblasts

CDH17

Promotes pre-metastatic niche

[58]

616-3p

hypoxic PSCs

PDAC

PTEN

Induction of AKT

Proliferation, invasion, migration

[107]

1260a

PDAC

PBMC

Increase of intracellular calcium fluxes

Expansion of MDSCs and immunosuppression

[74]

1290

PDAC

PSCs

Induction of ERK/Akt

Conversion of PSCs into profibrotic CAFs

[97]

3607-3p

natural killer cells

PDAC

IL-26

Inhibits proliferation, invasion, migration

[76]

4465

hypoxic PSCs

PDAC

PTEN

Induction of AKT

Proliferation, invasion, migration

[107]

5703

PSCs

PDAC

CMTM4

Induction of PAK4/PI3K/Akt

Proliferation

[108]

Long non-coding RNAs

CCAT1

PDAC

Endothelial cells

miR-138-5p

Induction of HMGA1

Angiogenesis, tumor growth

[115]

HULC

PDAC

PDAC

EMT, invasion, migration

[56]

SBF2-AS1

TAM

PDAC

miR-122-5p

Induction of XIAP

Proliferation, invasion, migration

[79]

Sox2ot

Highly malignant PDAC

Less malignant PDAC

miR-200 family

Induction of Sox2

Stemness, EMT, metastasis

[53]

UCA1

Hypoxic PDAC

Endothelial cells

miR-96-5p

Induction of AMOTL2/ERK1/2

Angiogenesis, tumor growth

[116]

Circular RNAs

0000069

PDAC

Benign pancreas

Induction of STIL

Cell cycle progression, proliferation, migration

[59]

0030167

BM-MSCs

PDAC

miR-338-5p

Induction of Wif1, inhibition of Wnt8/β-catenin

Inhibits proliferation, invasion, migration, stemness

[103]

IARS

PDAC

Endothelial cells

miR-122

Endothelial permeability, metastasis

[57]

PDE8A

Highly malignant PDAC

Less malignant PDAC

miR-338

Induction of MACC1/MET/ERK/AKT

Proliferation, invasion, metastasis

[47]

ZNF91

Hypoxic PDAC

Normoxic PDAC

miR-23b-3p

Induction of SIRT1 and glycolysis

GEM resistance

[133]