Table 3 Non-coding RNAs in exosomes as biomarkers in cancer
From: Isolation and characterization of exosomes for cancer research
Cancer | Non-coding RNAs | Samples | Mechanism | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Esophageal cancer | miR-21 SeG-NchiRNA | Serum/Plasma Saliva | Targeting programmed cell death 4 and activating c-Jun N-terminal kinase Unknown | [230] [231] |
Hepatocellular cancer | miR-92b miR92a-3p circPTGR1 | Serum Serum Serum | Downregulating CD69 and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity Inhibiting PTEN/Akt pathway Regulated by miR449a-MET pathway | [232] [233] [234] |
Pancreatic cancer | miR-21 miR-451a miR-4525 | Serum/Plasma Serum/Plasma Serum/Plasma | Unknown Unknown Unknown | [235] [236] [235] |
Colorectal cancer | miR-25-3p miR-106b-3p | Blood Serum | Targeting KLF2 and KLF4 Downregulating DLC-1 | [237] [238] |
Breast cancer | miR-21 miR‐122‐5p miR‐215‐5p let‐7b‐5p | Urine Plasma Plasma Plasma | Unknown Downregulating syndecan-1 Regulated by Pax-5 Decreasing DNA repair capacity | [239] [240] [240] [240] |
Glioblastoma | HOTAIR miR-221 miR-301 | Serum Serum Serum | Unknown Targeting DNM3 Activating AKT and FAK signals | [241] [242] [207] |
Gastric cancer | HOTTIP circ-RanGAP1 lncUEGC1 | Serum Plasma Serum | Promoting gene transcription of several 5′ HOXA genes Mediating miR-877-3p/VEGFA Unknown | [243] [244] [245] |
Prostate cancer | circ_0044516 miR-501-3p miR-1246 miR-196a-5p | Blood Urine Serum Urine | Unknown Unknown Mediating EMT Unknown | [246] [247] [248] [248] |
Lung cancer | circSATB2 lncGAS5 miR-21 miR-106b | Serum Serum Serum Serum | Regulating fascin homolog 1 and actin-bundling protein 1 expression Unknown Mediating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway Targeting PTEN | [249] [250] [251] [252] |
Bladder cancer | MALAT1 PCAT-1 SPRY4-IT1 lncUCA1 circPRMT5 | Urine Urine Urine Serum Urine/serum | Unknown Unknown Unknown Mediating EMT Mediating EMT | [253] [253] [253] [151] [254] |