From: Organoid technology and applications in cancer research
Function | |
---|---|
Growth factors | |
 EGF | ◆ A well-known growth factor for epithelial tissues; ◆ EGF, binding to EGF receptors, induces hyperplasic changes; ◆ EGF promotes tumor growth through stimulating the proliferation of cancer cells. |
 FGF10 | ◆ FGF10/FGF receptor 2IIIb axis is important for the organ development, including the stomach, liver, breast, and prostate; ◆ FGF10 promotes migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells and drives tumorigenesis of breast cancer; |
 FGF7 | ◆ FGF7/FGF receptor 2 signaling promotes growth, invasion, and migration of tumors. |
 HGF | ◆ HGF/Met signaling promoted oncogenesis, tumor angiogenesis, tumor invasion of multiple tumor types; |
 Wnt | ◆ A master regulator in regulation of cell development, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and polarity; ◆ The aberrant activation of Wnt signaling promotes carcinogenesis and progression of cancers. |
 Noggin | ◆ An inhibitor of bone morphogenetic proteins that modulates cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis; ◆ Noggin promotes bone metastasis of some cancers and is associated with tumorigenesis of primary bone malignancies. |
 R-spondin-1 | ◆ The ligand of Lgr5 and a niche factor that is required for the self-renewal of stem cells and activates Wnt signaling; ◆ R-spondin-1facilitates the growth and metastasis of cancer cells. |
 Gastrin | ◆ Gastrin stimulates tumor growth through promoting the proliferation and suppressing the apoptosis of cancer cells; |
 Prostaglandin E2 | ◆ Prostaglandin E2 promotes angiogenesis in gastric cancer through the up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor. |
 Nicotinamide | ◆ Vitamin PP is a nutrient that is required for long-term culture of organoids. |
 Neuregulin 1 | ◆ It is a ligand of human EGF receptor tyrosine kinases-3 and -4; ◆ It is involved in mammary development and tumorigenesis. |
Molecule inhibitors | |
 Y27632 | ◆ A Rho kinase inhibitor that effectively reduces the anoikis of dissociated stem cells; ◆ Y27632 improves culture media and promotes proliferation of tumor epithelial cells for long-term in vitro; |
 A-83-01 | ◆ A transforming growth factor-beta inhibitor; ◆ Transforming growth factor-beta inhibitor suppresses the proliferation of organoids; |
 SB202190 | ◆ It is a p38 inhibitor and suppresses the proliferation and migration of cancer cells; ◆ High concentration of SB202190 contributes to relatively lower efficiency of the establishment of breast tumoroids. |