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Table 2 The dual effects of RT on tumor microenvironment

From: Abscopal effect of radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Effect of RT

Pro-immunogenic

Anti-immunogenic

Cytokine secretion

IFN I

TGF-β

IFN II

CSF-1

IL-1β

IL-6

IL-18

IL-10

Chemokine secretion

CXCL9

CXCL12

 

CXCL10

 
 

CXCL16

 

Leukocyte infiltration

DCs

MDSCs

Effector T cells

Treg cells

M1 macrophages

M2 macrophages

Signal molecule expression

MHC-I

PD-L1

STING

Trex 1

Fas

 
  1. RT radiotherapy, IFN interferon, IL interleukin, TGF transforming growth factor, CSF colony-stimulating factor, CXCL CXC-motif chemokine ligand, DCs dendritic cells, MDSCs myeloid-derived suppressor cells, Treg regulatory T lymphocytes, MHC major histocompatibility complex, STING stimulator of interferon genes, Trex three prime repair exonuclease, PD-L1 programmed cell death-ligand 1