Fig. 4From: The first-in-class alkylating deacetylase inhibitor molecule tinostamustine shows antitumor effects and is synergistic with radiotherapy in preclinical models of glioblastomaMorphological and functional effects of TINO when combined with RT in glioma cell lines. a Morphological changes observed in U251 cells after treatments with 2, 4, and 6 Gy (RT) alone or in association with TINO 3.5 μM. b Morphological changes observed in U87MG cells after treatments with 2, 4, and 6 Gy (RT) alone or in association with TINO 3.5 μM. c Representative expression of acidic vacuolar organelle (AVO) accumulation in T98G cells cultured with 2, 4, and 6 Gy (RT) alone or in association with TINO 3.5 μM. d Percentage of AVO-stained cells in U87MG, U251, and T98G cells cultured with 2, 4, and 6 Gy (RT) alone or in association with TINO 3.5 μM. Statistical analysis: *p < 0.005 in the comparison between combined TINO + RT treatment and RT alone. Single results are representative of three different experiments performed in triplicate. e Immunocytochemical evaluation of γH2Ax stain in T98G cells cultured with 4, 6, and 8 Gy (RT) alone or in association with TINO 3.5 μM. f Quantization of γH2AX expression in U87MG, U251, and T98G cells treated with RT with or without TINO. Statistical analyses: *p < 0.005 in the comparison between RT + TINO and RT or TINO treatments alone. Single results are representative of three different experiments performed in triplicateBack to article page