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Table 1 Clinical trials of CD19 CAR T cells

From: Immunotherapy in hematologic malignancies: past, present, and future

Study

Institution

No. of patients

Disease (all relapsed/refractory)

Outcomes

Duration of CARs

Best duration of response

Comments

Jensen et al. (2010) [74]

City of Hope

4

NHL

No responses (2 with CR after autoHCT)

1 week

–

1st generation CAR

Kochenderfer et al., (2010, 2012) [75, 76]

NCI

8

NHL (4) and CLL (4)

80% ORR (1 CR, 5 PR)

Up to 6 months

>18 months

5/8 CRS

4/8 B cell aplasia

Savoldo et al. (2011) [77]

Baylor

6

NHL

2 SD

2nd generation—up to 6 months

–

Infusion of 1st and 2nd generation T cells in the same patient

Brentjens et al. (2011) [78]

MSKCC

10

CLL (8) and ALL (2)

CLL—1 PR, 2 SD

ALL—1 durable B cell aplasia

Up to 6 weeks (correlated with burden of disease)

8 months

Most with CRS

Porter et al. and Kalos et al. (2011) [79, 80]

UPenn

3

CLL

2 CR, 1PR

Up to 6 months

>11 months

All with CRS

Brentjens et al., and Davila et al. (2013, 2014) [54, 81]

MSKCC

16

ALL

88% CR (78% in refractory disease)

Up to 4 months

3 months (but 7 went on to alloHCT)

7 CRS

CRP, IFNγ, IL6 correlated with CRS

Kochenderfer et al. (2013) [82]

NCI

10

CLL (4) and NHL (6) post alloHCT

1 PR, 1 CR, 6 SD

Up to 30 days (used donor T cells)

9 months

No GVHD

Kochenderfer et al. (2014) [83]

NCI

15

NHL (DLBCL and indolent lymphomas)

8 CR, 4 PR, 1 SD

Up to 11 weeks

22 months

6/7 DLBCL with response

Lee et al. (2014) [49]

NCI

21

ALL (20), NHL (1), 8 post alloHCT

14 CR (13 MRD negative), correlated with CAR expansion

Up to 8 weeks (most went on to alloHCT)

19 months

3 severe CRS

CRP, IL6, and CAR expansion correlated with CRS

Grupp et al. and Maude et al. (2013, 2014) [52, 84]

UPenn

30

ALL, 18 post alloHCT

90% CR (15 post alloHCT, 2 post blinatumomab)

Up to 2 years

24 months

All with CRS

Porter et al. (2015) [53]

UPenn

14

CLL

57% ORR (4 CR and 4 PR)

>4 years (no relapses)

>4 years

All with CRS

Brudno et al. (2016) [50]

NCI

20

B cell malignancies post alloHCT

6 CR, 2 PR (4/5 ALL patients achieved MRD negativity)

–

>30 months (CR)

No new-onset GVHD;

Higher peak blood CAR T cell levels correlated with response

Turtle et al. (2016) [85]

FHCRC

29

ALL (12 post alloHCT)

93% CR (27/29), 25 with MRD negativity

–

–

25 CRS (3 deaths);

No GVHD in post-alloHCT patients;

CAR T cell grafts with defined CD4:CD8 ratio

  1. NHL non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia, ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia, autoHCT autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant, NCI National Cancer Institute, ORR overall response rate, CR complete response, PR partial response, SD stable disease, CRS cytokine release syndrome, MSKCC Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, UPenn University of Pennsylvania, alloHCT allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, CRP C-reactive protein, IFNγ interferon-γ, IL6 interleukin-6, GVHD graft-versus-host disease, DLBCL diffuse large B cell lymphoma, MRD minimal residual disease, FHCRC Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center