Fig. 8

Ovatodiolide suppressed tumorigenesis and macrophage infiltration in vivo. a In vivo evaluation of tumor growth suppressive effect. Ovatodiolide (5 mg/kg, five times/week), 5-FU (30 mg/kg, two times/week), and combination regimen were evaluated. Tumor inhibitory effect was the most significant in the combination group followed by OV and 5-FU alone groups. The bodyweight of the animals were not negatively affected except for the 5-FU group. b Photographs and average weight of tumor samples collected from each group. c Immunohistochemical staining of tumor sample sections. Oncogenic YAP1, mTOR, and β-catenin and CD206 (M2 marker) expression was most significantly suppressed in the combination group followed by OV and 5-FU group. The numbers indicate the average number of CD206+ cells (three random fields were counted and averaged). d Schematic diagram illustrating the anti-CRC effect by OV treatment is 2-fold, targeting both oncogenic pathways in colon cancer cells and the generation of M2 TAMs in the microenvironment