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Fig. 4 | Journal of Hematology & Oncology

Fig. 4

From: Ovatodiolide suppresses colon tumorigenesis and prevents polarization of M2 tumor-associated macrophages through YAP oncogenic pathways

Fig. 4

TAM co-culture increased tumor-initiating ability in vivo. a DLD-1 cells co-cultured with M2 TAMs were subsequently cultured under serum-deprived conditions to generate DLD-1 spheres. DLD-1 + TAM group initiated tumor growth significantly faster than its naïve counterparts. Representative bioluminescence images are shown (N = 5 per group). b Semi-quantitative bioluminescence comparison between DLD-1 + TAM and naïve groups. Fold change in tumor size was indicated by the fold change in bioluminescence intensity over time. Tumor growth (represented as fold change in bioluminescence intensity, BLI) was significantly higher in the DLD-1 + TAM group, *P < 0.05. The upper right panel shows the significantly higher average tumor weight collected from DLD-1 + TAM group as compared to its naïve counterparts, **P < 0.01. The lower right panel shows body weights of both groups over time. c Western blot analysis of tumor biopsies indicated that DLD-1 + TAM sample exhibited a markedly increased YAP1, Akt/mTOR, NF-kB, and Kras signaling. The expression intensity was compared using arbitrary ratios normalized against β-actin (as 1)

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