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Fig 5 | Journal of Hematology & Oncology

Fig 5

From: Tumor-recruited M2 macrophages promote gastric and breast cancer metastasis via M2 macrophage-secreted CHI3L1 protein

Fig 5

CHI3L1-mediated promotion of in vivo breast cancer lung metastasis. a Schematic diagram of cancer cell metastasis to the lung following intravenous injection. b Effects of CHI3L1 protein on in vivo breast cancer cell metastasis. MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells were intravenously injected into nude mice (n = 5/treatment). 3 days later, recombinant CHI3L1 protein was injected into the mice; PBS alone was used as the control. Lung metastasis was monitored via in vivo quantitative luciferase bioluminescence imaging every 2 weeks. The numbers on the horizontal axis indicate the weeks after the injection of CHI3L1 protein. c Representative images of MDA-MB-231 cell metastasis (week 7) and MDA-MB-435 cell metastasis (week 11) in mice. d Western blotting-based determination of the levels of phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, Src, and AKT proteins in metastatic mouse tumors. The solid tumors separated from mouse lungs were used for this analysis. The treatments are shown at the top. The numbers indicate the number of mice used. β-actin served as the loading control. e Levels of c-Fos and c-Jun expression in the nuclei of the metastatic tumor cells of mice treated with CHI3L1 protein or PBS. Western blot analysis was conducted using the solid tumors from mouse lungs. The numbers indicate the number of mice used. f MMP gene expression profiles in metastatic mouse tumors. Metastatic mouse tumors treated with CHI3L1 protein or PBS were subjected to quantitative real-time PCR to quantify the gene expression levels. The columns show the data for five mice. Significant differences between the mice treated with CHI3L1 protein and PBS are represented by asterisks (**p < 0.01). g Schematic diagram of the signaling cascades activated by CHI3L1 treatment of cancer cells

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