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Table 1 Glycosyltransferases as prognostic markers with differential effects on neuroblastoma and other cancers

From: Protein glycosylation in cancers and its potential therapeutic applications in neuroblastoma

Enzymes

Glycosylation involved

Target proteins and associated signaling pathways

Clinical significance

β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3 (B3GNT3)

O-glycosylation

B3GNT3 inhibits NB cell migration and invasion by suppression of FAK, Akt, and ERK activation.

Predicts good prognosis in NB [78].

β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (B4GALNT3)

N- and O-glycosylation

B4GALNT3 inhibits NB cell migration and invasion by modifying β1 integrin with LacdiNAc, thereby suppresses the activation of Akt and ERK signaling pathways.

B4GALNT3 enhances the stemness, migration, and invasion by modifying primarily N-glycans with LacdiNAc on EGFR and downstream signaling in CRC cells.

Predicts good prognosis in NB [81].

Predicts poor prognosis in CRC [83].

β1,4-galactosyltransferase 3 (B4GALT3)

N- and O-glycosylation

B4GALT3 increases NB cell migration and invasion by modifying lactosamine structures of β1 integrin, delaying the degradation of β1 integrin, and enhancing its downstream signaling.

B4GALT3 suppresses CRC cell migration and invasion by inhibiting β1 integrin activation through altering the poly-N-acetyllactosamine expression on N-glycans of β1 integrin.

Predicts poor prognosis in NB [86].

Predicts good prognosis in CRC [87].

N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (GALNT2)

O-glycosylation

GALNT2 regulates NB cell growth, migration, and invasion by modifying O-glycans on IGF-1R, thereby suppressing IGF-1-induced IGF-1R dimerization and downstream signaling.

GALNT2 inhibites HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by modifying O-glycans on EGFR, thereby suppressing EGF-induced endocytosis of EGFR and downstream signaling.

GALNT2 enhances OSCC cell migration and invasion by modifying O-glycosylation and activity of EGFR.

Predicts good prognosis in NB [90].

Predicts good prognosis in HCC [91].

Predicts poor prognosis OSCC [92].

N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V; MGAT5)

N-glycosylation

GnT-V knockdown results in a decrease in the susceptibility to cell apoptosis induced by retinoic acid in NB cells accompanied by morphological change

Predicts good prognosis in NB [38].

  1. FAK focal adhesion kinase, ERK extracellular signal kinase, LacdiNAc the structure of GalNAcβ1,4GlcNAc