CCR9 in cancer: oncogenic role and therapeutic targeting

Table 2 The signaling pathway of CCL25/CCR9 in cancer chemoresistance and metastasis

	Pathway	Reference
Tumor chemoresistance	PI3K/AKT	Lung cancer [12], prostate cancer [14], breast cancer [15], ovarian cancer [16]
	P-gp/ERM/F-actin	T-ALL [17, 18]
	STAT	Breast cancer [19]
	β-catenin/cyclin	Pancreatic cancer [20]
Tumor metastasis	MMPs	Ovarian cancer [21], prostate cancer [22], non-small cell lung cancer [23], endometriosis [24]
	RhoA-ROCK-MLC/ezrin	T-ALL [26, 27]
	Paracrine of chemokines	Pancreatic cancer [28]
	Lymphocyte homing	Melanoma [29, 31], lymphoblastic leukemia [32]
	PTEN signaling	T-ALL [33]

ISSN: 1756-8722