Table 1 Lung cancer-associated lncRNAs
lncRNA | Intersecting molecules and pathways | Cell processes | Associated clinical features |
|---|---|---|---|
AK126698 | Reduces NKD2, activates β-catenin [12] | Anti-apoptosis, resistance to cisplatin [12] | Unknown |
CARLo-5 | Unknown | Cell cycle, proliferation, invasion, EMT [13] | ↑ in NSCLC, lymph node metastasis, poor survival [13] |
CCAT2 | Unknown | Proliferation, migration, invasion [14] | ↑ in LAC, lymph node metastasis [14] |
H19 | Unknown | ||
HOTAIR | Induced by Col-1 [19]. Affects expression of gelatinases [20]. Represses cell-adhesion genes [21], p21waf1[22], and HOXA5 [23] | Proliferation, migration invasion [20],[21],[23]; resistance to cisplatin in vitro & in vivo [22] | ↑ in NSCLC, lymph node and brain metastasis, poor survival [19],[20],[23],[24]. ↑ in cisplatin-refractory LAC [22]. ↑ in SCLC, lymphatic invasion, relapse [21] |
LCAL1 | Unknown | Proliferation [8] | ↑ in NSCLC [8] |
MALAT1 | Affects expression of Bcl-2 [25] and metastasis related genes [26] | ↑ in NSCLC, brain metastasis, poor survival [25],[27]. ↑in periphery blood of NSCLC [28] | |
MVIH | Affects expression of MMP-2/-9 [29] | Proliferation & invasion [29] | ↑ in LAC and LSCC, advanced TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, poor prognosis [29] |
SCAL1 | Induced by cigarette smoke and NRF2 [30] | Protection against oxidative stress [30] | |
SOX2ot | Affects expression of EZH2 [31] | Cell cycle, proliferation [31] | ↑ in LSCC, poor survival [31] |
ZXF1 | Antisense to ACTA2 [32] | Migration & invasion [32] | ↑ in LAC, lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage, poor survival [32] |
BANCR | Inhibits the expression of EMT markers [33] | Induces apoptosis, inhibits EMT, migration, invasion, metastasis in vivo [33] | ↓ in LAC and LSCC, lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage, poor survival [33] |
GAS6-AS1 | Antisense to and represses expression of GAS6 [34] | Unknown | ↓ in NSCLC, advanced TNM stage, poor survival [34] |
MEG3 | Induces p53 [35] | Inhibits proliferation & growth in vivo, pro-apoptosis [35] | ↓ in NSCLC, advanced TNM stage, poor survival [35] |
SPRY4-IT1 | Intronic to SPRY4, silenced by EZH2 [36] | Inhibits invasion, growth & metastasis in vivo, induces apoptosis [36] | ↓ in NSCLC, pathological stage, lymph node metastasis [36] |
TARID | Activates TCF21 via GADD45A [37] | Unknown | ↓ in LAC and LSCC [37] |
TUG1 | Induced by p53, represses HOXB7 via PRC2 [38] | Inhibits proliferation & growth in vivo [38] | ↓ in NSCLC, advanced TNM stage, poor survival [38] |