Figure 2

Regulation of mtROS production. A number of factors including mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ_m), metabolic state of mitochondrial, O₂ concentration regulate the production of mtROS. Non-mitochondrial generated ROS can also augment mtROS production, a process known as “ROS-induced ROS”. Meanwhile, transcription factor STAT3 has recently been found to suppress mtROS production independent of its nuclear factor activity.